# Easy Scheduling solution codeforces

## Easy Scheduling solution codeforces

You shall calculate the smallest number of time moments the system needs to perform all the tasks.

### Input Easy Scheduling solution codeforces

The first line of the input contains the number of tests tt (1t51051≤t≤5⋅105). Each of the next tt lines contains the description of a test. A test is described by two integers hh (1h501≤h≤50) and pp (1p1041≤p≤104) — the height of the full binary tree and the number of processes. It is guaranteed that all the tests are different.

### Output Easy Scheduling solution codeforces

For each test output one integer on a separate line — the smallest number of time moments the system needs to perform all the tasks.

Example
input

### Copy Easy Scheduling solution codeforces

3
3 1
3 2
10 6

output

### Copy Easy Scheduling solution codeforces

7
4
173


## Note Easy Scheduling solution codeforces

Let us consider the second test from the sample input. There is a full binary tree of height 33 and there are two processes. At the first moment of time, there is only one ready task, 11, and p1p1 performs it. At the second moment of time, there are two ready tasks, 22 and 33, and the processes perform them. At the third moment of time, there are four ready tasks, 445566, and 77, and p1p1 performs 66 and p2p2 performs 55. At the fourth moment of time, there are two ready tasks, 44 and 77, and the processes perform them. Thus, the system spends 44 moments of time to perform all the tasks.